Yemenis were on the threshold of a new era after sitting at one dialogue table that brought together most of Yemen’s active actors in 2013 and they formulated solutions and ideas to address the vast majority of Yemen problems. These ideas and outputs were reflected in the draft document of the Federal Constitution of Yemen in 2014. However, an alliance between Houthi militias and former President Ali Abdullah Saleh forces and tribal arms has emerged and blew up all those hopes of Yemenis. That alliance began its war from Sadah governorate, passed through tribal areas in Amran and controlled the city and then militarily moved towards Sana’a. The Capital has fallen into the hands of this alliance and it seized control of key state institutions on 21 September 2014. State institutions protecting human rights collapsed. Then, Houthi and Saleh forces headed towards Taiz in central Yemen and the southern city of Aden to mark the expansion of the violent conflict in Yemen were the worst and most brutal violations and crimes since the creation of the Republic of Yemen in 1990 were committed. This report focuses on the crimes committed during the period from 21 September 2014, the date on which the capital Sana’a has fallen into the hands of Houthi and Saleh forces, until 31 December 2018, covering a period of four Years and four months.

During the reporting period, all parties to the conflict committed widespread violations of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. The extent of violations varied from one party to another. There were crimes that violated International Humanitarian Law with regard to deprivation of life, such as bombing, indiscriminate attacks, the air strikes by Arab Coalition forces, the US drone attacks, as well as the killing by snipers and guided weapons and killings due to clashes between the parties to the conflict. This is in addition to the death and injury caused by mines. Crimes violating International Human Rights Law, such as the deprivation of the right to life including extrajudicial executions, death under torture, different forms of assassinations and suicide attacks were also committed. The report also focuses on violations of human dignity such as detention, enforced disappearance, torture and conditions of prisons operated by the parties to the conflict. The report also tackles violations against journalists, activists, human rights defenders, politicians and members of minorities including Baha’is, Jews and Christians, as well as attacks on the media and civil society organizations. The report also documents the siege imposed on the city of Taiz, and the closure of the seaports and airspace of Yemen. This is in addition to the displacement plight and the looting of humanitarian aid. The reports also focuses on violations against children by depriving them of the right to life or education and recruiting them by the parties to the conflict and the bombing of houses. The report concludes by monitoring and documenting violations against medical institutions and medical staff, as well as cultural properties, in addition to public and private properties and facilities that have been attacked and destroyed by the parties to the conflict.